Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Social Science Geography Solutions Term 3 – Chapter 2 Exploring Continents (Africa, Australia and Antarctica) – English Medium

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8th Social Science – Geography Book Back

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Term 3

2. Exploring Continents (Africa, Australia and Antarctica)

8th Social Science Geography Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Exploring Continents (Africa, Australia and Antarctica) – English Medium

 

I. Choose the best answer:

1. The southernmost tip of Africa is …………..
(a) Cape Blanca
(b) Cape Agulhas
(c) Cape of Good Hope                                                                                               (d) Cape Town
Answer: (b) Cape Agulhas

2. The manmade canal through an isthmus between Egypt and Sinai Peninsula is
(a) Panama Canal
(b) Aswan Canal
(c) Suez Canal
(d) Albert Canel
Answer: (c) Suez Canal

3. In respect of the Mediterranean climate, consider the following statements and choose the correct answer.
(1) The average rainfall is 15 cm
(2) The summers are hot and dry; winters are rainy.
(3) Winters are cool and dry; Summers are hot and wet
(4) Citrus fruits are grown
(a) 1 is correct
(b) 2 and 4 are correct
(c) 3 and 4 are correct
(d) All are correct
Answer: (b) 2 and 4 are correct

4. The range which separates the west and east flowing rivers in Australia is
(a) Great Dividing Range
(b) Himalayan range
(c) Flinders range
(d) Mac Donnell range
Answer: (a) Great Dividing Range

5. Kalgoorile is famous for …………….. mining.
(a) Diamond
(b) Platinum
(c) Silver
(d) Gold
Answer: (d) Gold

II. Fill in the Blanks:

  1. Atlas Mountain is located in …………….. continent.
  2. …………….. is the first Indian research station in Antarctica.
  3. ………….. is the highest peak of Africa.
  4. A temperature grass land of Australia is called …………..
  5. ………….. is the first Indian research station in Antarctica.

Answer:

  1. North – west Africa
  2. Mt. Kilimanjaro
  3. Eucalyptus
  4. Downs
  5. Dakshin Gangotri

II. Match the following:

  1. Pinnacle – Equatorial forest
  2. Krill – salt lake
  3. Ostrich – small red fish
  4. Lake Eyre – flightless bird
  5. Jewel of the earth – Pointed limestone pillars

Answer:

  1. Pinnacle – Pointed limestone pillars
  2. Krill – small red fish
  3. Ostrich – flightless bird
  4. Lake Eyre – salt lake
  5. Jewel of the earth – Equatorial forest

IV. Let us learn:

  1. Assertion (A) : Aurora is a curtain of color lights appear in the sky.
    Reason (R): They are caused by magnetic storms in the upper atmosphere.
    (a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation for A.
    (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation for A
    (c) A is true but R is false.
    (d) R is true but A is false
    Answer: (a) Both A and R is individually true and R is the correct explanation for A

2. Assertion (A) : A geological feature of Africa is the Great Rift Valley.
Reason (R): A Rift valley is a large crack in the earth’s surface formed by tectonic                                activity.
(a) Both A and R is individually true and R is the correct explanation for A.
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation for A
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) R is true but, A is false
Answer: (a) Both A and R is individually true and R is the correct explanation for A

V. Answer in brief:

  1. Why Africa is called a “Mother Continent”?
    Answer:
    Africa is nicknamed as the ‘Mother Continent’ as it was the oldest inhabited continent on Earth.

2. What are the important rivers of Africa?
    Answer:
    The important rivers of Africa are R. Nile, R. Congo or Zaire, R. Niger, R. Zambezi, R. Orange and R. Limpopo.

3. Name the physical division of Australia.
    Answer:
The Physical divisions of Australia are –

  1. The Great Western Plateau
  2. The Central Low lands
  3. The Eastern High lands

4. Write about the nature of Antarctica continent.
    Answer:

  1. Antarctica is a unique continent. It does not have a native population.
  2. There is no country in Antarctica.
  3. It is the coldest continent with a permanent cover of ice.
  4. It is the only continent called white continent.

5. Mention any four economic activities of Australia.
    Answer:
Agriculture, forestry, fishing mining, manufacturing, trade and services are the major economic activities of Australia.

VI. Distinguish between:

  1. Sahel and Sahara
    Answer:
    1. Sahel:
  • Sahel is a semi-arid tropical Savanna region.
  • It covers an area of 3.0 million sq km.
  • It is largely a semi-arid belt of barren, sandy and rocky land.

    2. Sahara:

  • The world-famous Sahara desert is located in the northern part of Africa.
  • It has an area of .9.2 million sq kms.
  • It consists of many topographical features such as Mountain, plateaus, ergs, oases, sand and gravel covered plains, salt flats, basins and depressions.

2. Western Antarctica and Eastern Antarctica.
    Answer:
1. Western Antarctica:

  • The West Antarctica faces the Pacific Ocean.
  • The Antarctic Peninsula which points towards the South America shows that it is the continuation of the Andes mountain range.

2. Eastern Antarctica:

  • The East Antarctica faces the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans.
  • The Mt. Erebus in this region is an active volcano located in the Ross Island.

3. Great Barrier Reef and Artesian Basin.
    Answer:
1. Great Barrier Reef:

  • Great Barrier Reef is located in the north east of Australia.
  • It is formed by the tiny coral polyps..
  • It is about 2300 kms long.

2. Artesian Basin:

  • The Artesian Basins are regions on the earth’s surface where water gushes out like a fountain.
  • It is found in the arid and semi – arid parts of Queensland.
  • It extents for 1.7 million square km.

VII. Give reasons:

1. Egypt is called the gift of the Nile.
    Answer:

    1. Nile is the life line of Egypt
    2. Without Nile the Egypt would have been a desert
    3. So Egypt in the gift of the Nile.

2. Deserts are found in the western margins of continents.
    Answer:

  1. Most of the world deserts are located in the western margins of continents in the subtropics because the prevailing winds in the tropics are tropical easterly winds.
  2. The tropical easterly winds become dry by the time they reach the western margins of continent and so they bring no rainfall.

3. Antarctica is called the continent of scientists.
    Answer:

  1. Scientists of any country are free to conduct experiments and collect data from Antarctica.
  2. Hence it is called ‘continent of Science’.

VIII. Answer in a paragraph each:

1. Give an account on mineral wealth of Australia.
    Answer:

  1. Minerals are the largest export item of Australia.
  2. It contributes about 10 percent of country’s GDP.
  3. Australia is the world’s leading producer of bauxite, limonite, rutile and zircon.
  4. The Second largest producer of gold, lead, lithium, manganese ore and zinc, the third largest producer of iron ore and uranium and they fourth largest producer of black coal.
  5. The coal belts of the country stretches from New Castle to Sydney on the South Eastern Coast.
  6. Iron ores are found mainly in southern and Western Australia.
  7. Petroleum and natural gas is obtained from Bass Strait and west of Brisbane.
  8. Uranium is mined in northern territory at Ram jungle and Queensland.
  9. Gold is mined in the western desert at Kalgoorlie and Koolgarlie.
  10. Lead, Silver, Zinc, Manganese, Tungsten, Nickel and copper are also mined in parts of Australia.

2. Describe the flora and fauna of Antarctica
    Answer:
  Flora and Fauna:

  1. Since the temperature is below freezing point almost throughout the year, no major vegetation is found in this continent.
  2. Simple plants like algae, mosses, liverworts, lichens and microscopic fungi can survive and grow in Antarctica.
  3. Some algae live in the snow, while other plants grow on the coastal rocky land that is ice free.
  4. A few species of plants, such as plankton, algae and mosses are seen in and around, Antarctica’s fresh and saltwater lakes.
  5. Small red fish called krill are found in large shoals .It is the food for many warm blooded sea animals.
  6. The blue whale is the largest animal which feeds on plankton. All these animals and birds have a thick layer of fat called blubber which helps them to withstand the cold condition.
  7. Penguin birds in Antarctica cannot fly. They have webbed feet and flipper instead of wings. Small invertebrates are the only land animals which lives in the continent.

3. Name the physical divisions of Africa and explain any one.
    Answer:
1. Africa consists of mixture of land forms such as mountains, plateaus and plains. The following are the 8 major physical divisions of Africa.

  • Sahara
  • Sahel
  • Savanna
  • The Great Rift Valley and the Great Lakes of Africa
  • East African Highlands
  • Swahili Coast
  • The Congo Basin or Zaire Basin
  • Southern Africa

2. Southern Africa.

  • Most part of the Southern Africa is a plateau region.
  • Drakensberg Mountain is found in the eastern portion of the escarpment.
  • It extends from north east to south west for 1125 km.
  • Its highest peak is.Thabana Ntlenyana (3482m).
  • This region is covered with grasslands known as‘Veld’.
  • Kalahari Desert lies in the south and Namib Desert is along the south -west shore of Africa.
  • Kalahari Desert in this region is not actually a desert but, a bushy scrubland situated between the Orange and Zambezi Rivers.

XI. Map skill:

  1. Mark the following on the outline map of Africa and Australia.
    Answer:
    Africa:
    Equator, Atlas Mountain, Sahara, Eastern highlands, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Suez Canal, Mount Kilimanjaro,

Australia:
Great Dividing Range , Great barrier reef, Tasmania, tropic of Capricorn, pacific ocean. Great Australian Sandy Desert. Indian ocean, Sydney, Canberra.

X. Activity:

  1. Find out the hemisphere and season during December for the following countries.
    Answer:                                                                                                                           

2. Label the name of the different states of Australia in the following map

Answer:

 

 

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